পল্লী কর্ম-সহায়ক ফাউন্ডেশন || সহকারী ম্যানেজার (01-08-2019) || 2019

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Bangladesh has made remarkable progress in reducing poverty, supported by sustained economic growth. Based on the international poverty line of $1.90 per person per day, poverty declined from 44.2 percent in 1991 to 13.8 percent in 2016/17. In parallel, life expectancy, literacy rates and per capita food production have increased significantly. Progress was underpinned by 6 percent plus growth over the decade and reached to 7.3 percent in 2016/17, according to official estimates. Rapid growth enabled Bangladesh to reach the lower middle-income country status in 2015. In 2018, Bangladesh met the eligibility criteria for graduation from the United Nation's Leaser Developed Countries (LDC) list and is on track to graduate in 2024.

= টেকসই অর্থনৈতিক প্রবৃদ্ধির সাহায্যে দারিদ্র্য হ্রাসকরণে বাংলাদেশ উল্লেখযোগ্য অগ্রগতি অর্জন করেছে। প্রতিদিন মাথাপিছু আয় $১.৯ হিসেবে আন্তর্জাতিক দারিদ্র্য সীমা বিবেচনায় দারিদ্র্য ১৯৯১ সালে ৪৪.২% থেকে কমে ২০১৬-১৭ সালে ১৩.৮% হয়েছে। এরই সাথে সমান ভাবে তাল রেখে মানুষের প্রত্যাশিত আয়ুষ্কাল, সাক্ষরতার হার এবং মাথাপিছু খাদ্য উৎপাদনের হার তাৎপর্যপূর্ণভাবে বেড়েছে। গত দশকে প্রবৃদ্ধির হার ৬ এর উপরে একটি ভিত্তি স্থাপন করে আনুষ্ঠানিক প্রাক্কলন অনুসারে তা ৭.৩ প্ৰবৃদ্ধিতে পৌঁছেছে। দ্রুত প্রবৃদ্ধি অর্জনের ব্যাপারটি ২০১৫ সালে নিম্ন মধ্যম আয়ের দেশে পরিণত হতে সাহায্য করেছে। ২০১৮ সালে জাতিসংঘের স্বল্পোন্নত দেশগুলোর তালিকা থেকে বের হওয়ার সক্ষমতা অর্জন করেছে এবং ২০২৪ সালে অবস্থা থেকে উত্তরণের পথে আছে।

ইংরেজীতে অনুবাদ করুন:
2.

প্রবাসী আয়ে রেকর্ড গড়ল বাংলাদেশ। সদ্য সমাপ্ত ২০১৮-১৯ অর্থবছরে প্রবাসীরা যে পরিমাণ অর্থ পাঠিয়েছেন, বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাসে এক অর্থবছরে এত পরিমাণ প্রবাসী আয় আগে কখনো আসেনি। গত জুন মাসে প্রবাসীরা ১৩৬ কোটি ৮০ লাখ ডলার পাঠায়। ফলে গত অর্থবছরে প্রবাসী আয় বেড়ে ১ হাজার ৬৪২ কোটি ডলার হয়েছে। গত অর্থবছরে সবচেয়ে বেশি আয় আসে মে মাসে। ঔ মাসে প্রবাসীরা পাঠিয়েছিল ১৭৫ কোটি ৫৭ লাখ ডলার । বাংলাদেশী মুদ্রায় যার পরিমাণ ১৪ হাজার ৮৩৫ কোটি টাকা। এদিকে বিপুল পরিমাণ প্রবাসী আয় আসার কারণে বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংকের বৈদেশিক মুদ্রার রিজার্ভ বেড়ে হয়েছে ৩ হাজার ২৫৭ কোটি ডলার। ব্যাংক খাতের তারল্য অবস্থা ভালো করতে প্রবাসী আয় ও ভালো রপ্তানির বিকল্প নেই ।

Created: 3 months ago | Updated: 1 day ago

প্রবাসী আয়ে রেকর্ড গড়ল বাংলাদেশ। সদ্য সমাপ্ত ২০১৮-১৯ অর্থবছরে প্রবাসীরা যে পরিমাণ অর্থ পাঠিয়েছেন, বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাসে এক অর্থবছরে এত পরিমাণ প্রবাসী আয় আগে কখনো আসেনি। গত জুন মাসে প্রবাসীরা ১৩৬ কোটি ৮০ লাখ ডলার পাঠায়। ফলে গত অর্থবছরে প্রবাসী আয় বেড়ে ১ হাজার ৬৪২ কোটি ডলার হয়েছে। গত অর্থবছরে সবচেয়ে বেশি আয় আসে মে মাসে। ঔ মাসে প্রবাসীরা পাঠিয়েছিল ১৭৫ কোটি ৫৭ লাখ ডলার । বাংলাদেশী মুদ্রায় যার পরিমাণ ১৪ হাজার ৮৩৫ কোটি টাকা। এদিকে বিপুল পরিমাণ প্রবাসী আয় আসার কারণে বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংকের বৈদেশিক মুদ্রার রিজার্ভ বেড়ে হয়েছে ৩ হাজার ২৫৭ কোটি ডলার। ব্যাংক খাতের তারল্য অবস্থা ভালো করতে প্রবাসী আয় ও ভালো রপ্তানির বিকল্প নেই ।

= Bangladesh has beaten the record of remittance. In recently concluded fiscal year of 2018-19, expatriates did not send the amount of remittance in a fiscal year they sent in the history of Bangladesh. Expatriates sent $136 crore 80 lakh in last june. As a result, remittance has increased by $1 thousand 642 crore. Most of the amount of remittance came in May of last fiscal year. Expatriates sent $175 crore 57 lakh remittance in that month. It is Tk. 14 thousand 835 crore in terms of money. Due to the huge earnings of remittance, reserves of Bangladesh Bank has reached to $3 thousand 257 crore. There is no alternative to remittance and exports in keeping liquidity in banks stable.

Situation Analysis: (Write what you would do/did in the following two situation in about 100 words).
3.

If you know your boss is 100 percent wrong about something, how would you handle this?

Created: 3 months ago | Updated: 1 day ago

Professional relationship is very difficult to define. Boss-employee relationship is one of them. This relationship is very much important as well as sensitive. If boss is 100% wrong, then the handling way to this problem will depend on the personal relationship between boss and employee. As one of the obedient subordinates, one should approach one's boss to a very polite way. Listening the wrong, one need to take some time to explain to the boss about how we can think differently about the fact. As of me, I will not support my boss in his wrong views upon something rather I will make him correct. Because one wrong decision leads to multiple wrong or erroneous decisions. Besides, one should not strict on wrong. So, it is one's duty to make him/her correct as boss may also wrong. But one need take to a very smart and suave way to approach boss if he/she is 100% incorrect on something.

Situation Analysis: (Write what you would do/did in the following two situation in about 100 words).
4.

Have you ever faced an ethical dilemma at work or in personal life? How did you handle it?

Created: 3 months ago | Updated: 1 day ago

A moral dilemma is a situation or event that questions the moral of a person in a temporary situation. It is one in which two different moral precepts appear to conflict with each other. Some few days ago, I faced a situation where a moral dilemma was arose. It was a rainy night around 7.30 pm. I was driving a motor bike which is small in size and can carry only two persons. After driving 10 to 15 minutes, I noticed one of my old uncles and my bosom friend were walking along the roadside-seeing them, I instantly stopped my bike but could not able to chose which one to take, I was just stunned for that moment. Few minutes later, I decided to help one who is badly in need of help. I saw my bosom friend had no problem in walking though there were rain. But the old uncle was very afraid of raining and darkness. so I took him in my motor bike and helped him reaching home safely. In the moment of leaving the place I apologized to my bosom friend for not lifting him from that spot. Anyway it was a great ethical dilemma for me


5.

Reading Comprehension:

In the past few decades something amazing has happened. The share and the number of extremely poor people in the word (on the current definition, people who consume less than $1.90 a day at purchasing-power parity) has plunged. This is hugely welcome. People who live on less than $1.90 a day are very poor, even by the standards of the world's poorest countries. So, it is regrettable that the steep decline in poverty is unlikely to continue. Extreme poverty will probably not fall as quickly in the next few years as it has done for the past few decades.

The World Bank, which tracks poverty, estimates that 1.9bn people were extremely poor in 1981. In that year, the poor accounted for 42% of the world's population. In 2013, by contrast, only 767m people were poor. Because the world's population has grown so much in the interim, the share of poor people in the population has fallen even faster, to just below 11%. The single biggest reason for this delightful trend in China. In 1981, almost unbelievably, 89% of Chinese (and 96% of rural Chinese) seem to have lived below the poverty line. In 2013 only 2% of Chinese were extremely poor.

That cannot continue. China will soon eradicate extreme poverty, if it has not done so already. So will countries like Indonesia and Vietnam, which have been almost as good at cutting poverty. That leaves a rump of poverty in South Asia and, especially, sub-Saharan Africa. In 2013, for the first time, more than half of the paupers in the world were African. Poverty will be much harder to root out in those places. South Asian countries like Bangladesh and India have decent economic growth but feeble welfare systems. Africa doesn't even have the former, especially considering how quickly its population is increasing. Besides, poor Africans often live on much less than $1.90 a day. It is hard to pull exceptionally poor people (sometimes called the 'ultra-poor') over the line. Even African countries that are growing fairly well, like Ethiopia and Rwanda, will have huge poor
populations for many years even if incomes rise across the board.

a) Write an appropriate title for this passage?
b) How China performed in reducing poverty?
c) How South Asian and African countries did in poverty eradication in the past few decades? 
d) What were the challenges to eliminate poverty from African countries?

Created: 3 months ago | Updated: 1 day ago

a) Poverty elimination: Global context.
b) China made a giant step in reducing extreme poverty as it was able to reduce it's poverty to single digit. 
c) South Asian countries like Bangladesh, India made remarkable progress in cutting poverty down. On the other hand, it will be harder to root out poverty in African countries.
d) There are many challenges to eradicate poverty from African countries. In these countries, population is growing fast, number of people who live below the poverty line are also increasing. That's why it is harder to eliminate poverty from African.

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